Mediterranean means middle of earth.

Questions:

1.Athens was smaller than sparta in 500 B.C. Athens was near a sea so they have the better location because they have more transportation.

2. Limited democracry ( Athens) - a republic where voters elect officals into office to make decisions for them. Oligarchy (Sparta)-  a state in which supreme power is held by a small group

3. 


4. Athens has a better navy than Sparta becuase they were closer to the water.

5. Athens did. NO becuase they lived closer to water.

6. Sparta because they almost had the same rights as men.

7.

LO3 Citizens and Communities: The Greek City-States

Greek City state was also known as polis. The city states were small places, generally consisting of no more than a town and a few square miles of surrounding countryside.

Only a few thousands lived in a Greek City State, but Athens reached up to 250,000 people.

The towns were built around a hill which stood on top of it was an Acropolis.

Acropolis- the high fortified citadel and religious center of an ancient Greek Town.

The Greek City States were very competitive and often fought one another.

The Greeks were the first known to have a name for the people who live in their community, polites or “citizen”.

City-States and Citizens

An Athenian “Owl” the slang name of this tedradachma (four-drachma coin).

Hoplie- a havily armed and armored citizen-solider of acient Greece.

Phalanx- a unit of several hundred hoplites, who closed ranks by joining shields when approaching the enemy.

Monarchy- a state in which supreme power is held by a single, usually hereditary ruler ( a monarch)

Oligrachy- a state in which supreme power is held by a small group.

Triremes- massive fighting vessels with three banks of oars, used to ram or board enemy ships.

Tyranny- rule by a self- proclaimed dictator (a tyrant)

Democracy- in ancient Greece, a form of government in which all adult male citizens were entitled to take part in decision making.

Sparta: The Military Ideal

Helots- noncitizens forced to work for landholders in the ancient city-state of Sparta.

The Spartans were the descendants of Greeks who had conquered part of the southern mainland. (The territory of Laconia)

The Spartan Way of Life

The way of life that dedicated male citizens entirely to the service of the state. The farms were worked by the helots. Helots- noncitizens forced to work for landholders in the ancient city-state of Sparta.

Aristocrats- members of prominent and long-established Athenian families. 

Today in class we took a bunch notes. We took so many notes the Al Quida Carly's hand started to hurt. We talked about how the Greeks believed in a way of living called Arete which means excellence. Everything the Greeks did they did it the best they could do it. We talked about how the Greeks built their cities on high mountain tops. How the Greeks had very good olives and wines. How the Greeks set up trading posts all around to trade with other countries for other goods.

Barbarian A term used to describe distinctive way of life based on farming, warfare in tribal organization that became widespread and Europe beginning around 2500 BC.
Megaliths a massive rough-cut stone used to construct monuments and tombs. (stone hedge) for example.
Tribe A social and political unit consisting of a group of communities held together by common interest traditions in real or mystical ties.
The Greeks invented democracy.
The Greeks were influenced by people in the east and the north of them.
These people were tribes before. the tribes were held together by things they ate, did, and the myths they believed.

Why the Greeks Rocked
New Ideas
Incredible act forms
Democratic government w/ citizen participation.
Innovations in warfare.

4000 B.C. Farming and village life spreads from Sumerian and Egyptian lands across SW Asia and NE Africa, and the European continent.

3500 B.C. now they start making megaliths. 2000 B.C. was the year the Stonehenge was finished. consisting of 160 massive boulders weighing up to 50 tons each, stacked and circled and aligned to the movements of sun and moon.

From 2500 B.C. Indo-European nomads migrated from the steppes in eastern Europe.
Their language would evolve into Greek and Latin
Their lives centered around strength, courage, loyalty, and doing the right thing.
The Greeks invented the Olympics.
Thinner populations than Egypt or Mesopotamia - they formed tribes, social and political unit consisting of communities held together by common interests, traditions, and real or mythical ties of kinship.
Tribes were headed by powerful kings. or like a war lord.
They never really had written records they just passed the story down by speaking.
They adopted the way of life of those they encountered, and as they traveled from 2000 BC to AD 1000. this is how civilization eventually spread throughout Europe.

Greece is a peninsula
mountains cover 3/4th of it.
Apporx. 1,400 islands in the Aegean and Ionian Seas.
Location shaped its culture.
Skilled sailors.
Poor natural resources.
Difficult to unite the ancient Greeks because of the terrain; developed small, independent communities.
Approx. 20% is suitable for farming.
Fertile valleys cover 1/4 of peninsula.
Because of geography the Greek diet consists of grains, grapes, olives.
Lack of resources most likely led to Greek colonization
Temperatures range from 48 in the winter to 80 in the summer.

1. The Egyptians had three innovations and inventions that shaped the world as we know it. They had the sailboat which was used for sending goods up and down the Nile without a lot of manual power. They had the calendar which was used for trying to figure out when the Nile would flood. And they had paper which they could keep their alphabet written down on and many other things.
2. Three important features of an Egyptian pyramid are burial site for Pharos, the secret passage ways, and the great foundation. The pyramids held the home to dead very important Pharos of the time. The pyramids had many different secret ways so no one could break in and take the wealthy. And last they had a very great foundation for the pyramids still standing to this day. It was great architecture.

The social hierarchy of ancient Egypt was like a pyramid. You have your pharaohs on the top then you have your priest and nobles, soldiers, scribes, merchants, artisans, farmers, and then last you have slaves and servants. The Pharaoh was the one who could speak to the god’s. He was all powerful he was worshiped as a God. The priest and nobles were ones who worked with or for the royal family in some sort of way. The soldiers were your fighters, they protected the city with all their might. Your scribes were the ones who learned to read and write. The merchants were the guys who would sell the goods that you need to live off of. The farmers were the ones who cared for the lands and cared for the cattle. If it was me I would want to be a Pharaoh and make bank.
Living on the Nile River is very important because it is the main water supply in Egypt at the time. If you lived on the Nile than you were making bank. You had a way to have clean water whenever you need it. You had a way to ship your goods down the river. You also had a supply of fish and other beings in the river. You could use the water for many things like watering your crops and also using it to mix with dirt to make a clay so you could build.

today in class we watched a video about the early Egyptian history. the video basically went over everything we learnt in class the day before. the guy actually talked very fast and was kind of hard to follow. i am ready for the up coming test barbecue i am going to be honest this stuff is easy.

Today in class we talked about early Egypt. We talked about how there are 5 elements of Egypt which are geography, pyramids, daily life, Pharaohs, Goddesses and Gods. Everything centered on the Nile. The Pharaohs were the head of the government and the head of the religion. The scribes and soldiers were also high up there in the food chain. The slaves and servants also had a better life than most slaves had in America because they were house slaves. 

Today in class we started reading LO3 Egypt. Egypt was called Land of the Pharos. During the Neolithic age the people in the Nile moved to living a more civilized lives. Which the people living more civil it made the rise of more cities of Sumer. But the more stable civilizations were Egypt. I forgot to take my book home so I couldn’t read any more of the notes. So we also went over in class of what we did. And fixed a problem learning that humans were on this earth 2,000,000 years ago, but back then we were more like apes then humans it wasn’t till 14,000 years ago that humans started to act like humans do today.